About Old and New Dialectic : Dialogues , Fallacies , and Strategies University of Groningen
نویسندگان
چکیده
In 1998, forty years after the original edition of The New Rhetoric (Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, 1958), Douglas Walton published The New Dialectic. The title confirmed the dialectical turn of argumentation theory, taken long before. Both titles refer to old versions of practices and theories, a new dialectic presupposing an old dialectic as much as a new rhetoric presupposes an old rhetoric. Thus these works invite a comparison: to what extent can the old be mapped onto the new; to what extent does the new expand upon or deviate from the old? The new editions Abstract: We shall investigate the similarities and dissimilarities between old and new dialectic. For the ‘old dialectic’, we base our survey mainly on Aristotle’s Topics and Sophistical Refutations, whereas for the ‘new dialectic’, we turn to contemporary views on dialogical interaction, such as can, for the greater part, be found in Walton’s The New Dialectic. Three issues are taken up: types of dialogue, fallacies, and strategies. Though one should not belittle the differences in scope and outlook that obtain between the old and the new dialectic, the paper will show that in many respects the old dialectic foreshadows the new dialectic. Résumé: Nous voulons rechercher les ressemblances et les différences entre l’ancienne et la nouvelle dialectique. Quant à l’ancienne dialectique, ce sont surtout les Topiques et les Réfutations sophistiques d’Aristote—qui nous ont servi de base pour nos recherches, tandis que pour la nouvelle dialectique nous nous orientons vers les idées contemporaines sur l’interaction dialogique, comme on les trouve, pour une large part, dans The New Dialectic de Walton. On veut ici traiter trois questions: celle des types de dialogue, celle des sophismes et celle des stratégies. Sans vouloir négliger les différences de portée et de point de vue qui existent entre l’ancienne dialectique et la nouvelle dialectique, cet article veut montrer comment qu’à plusieurs égards l’ancienne dialectique annonce déjà la nouvelle dialectique.
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